Argumentation is a collaborative process towards an end goal, rather than a competition to win (Duschl & Osborne, 2002). Currently, species are going extinct at 1,000 times the natural rate of extinction. Today, there is no real disagreement among climate experts that humans are the primary cause of recent global warming. But leaders in the highest-emitting countries are doing next to nothing to slow climate change, let alone stop it. Executive summary. These measurements show no net increase in the suns output, even as global surface temperatures have risen.17. Perhaps if you convince them, your newly informed, ex-climate-denying relatives will even take action for Earth Day in 2022. During cool glacial periods, carbon dioxide levels were lower.21 The heating or cooling of the earths surface and oceans can cause changes in the natural sources and sinks of these gases, and thus change greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.22 These changing concentrations have acted as a positive climate feedback, amplifying the temperature changes caused by long-term shifts in the earths orbit.23, 1National Academy of Sciences. But this is also a generational issue you may not have to bear the brunt of our collective inaction on climate change, but lets try to have some empathy for future generations (even if you dont understand TikTok or selfies). The first finding is that six greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) endanger the public health and welfare of current and future generations. U.S. 8. 22IPCC. If global warming science is so "settled", why did global. BBC News - The arguments made by climate change sceptics Some explosive volcano eruptions can throw particles (e.g., SO2)into the upper atmosphere, where they can reflect enough sunlight back to space to cool the surface of the planet for several years.19 These particles are an example of cooling aerosols. Natural Disasters and Climate Change - National Geographic Society The first decade of the 21st century saw five times as many floods, storms, droughts and heat waves as all of the natural disasters reported during the 1970s. Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world including the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska and Africa. But enough with the economic hypotheticals. Only 0.7% rejected human-caused global warming, and only 0.3% were uncertain about the cause of global warming. In: Climate science special report: Fourth national climate assessment, volume I [Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Nitrous oxide concentrations have increased from a pre-industrial level of 270 ppb11 to 332 ppb in 2019.12. Why land matters in the fight against climate change (2013). We know that greenhouse gases trap heat on the earth. The last seven years have been the hottest seven years on record, and thats counting the bitter polar vortexes that have driven Arctic air down across North America during that period. Please try again. That action whether its participating in a cleanup, having a plant-based meal, or attending a teach-in can help put us on a course to a greener, more sustainable future. Dr David Whitehouses report, published by the Global Warming Policy Foundation, revealed the the global temperature has remained static since 1997. It is said that climate control is man made and it is dangerous. Climate Change Debate Writing Frame, Climate change - Twinkl Argumentative Essay On Climate Change - 1848 Words | 123 Help Me Where was it published or presented? In: Impacts, risks, and adaptation in the United States: Fourth national climate assessment, volume II [Reidmiller, D.R., C.W. Not to mention that the Earths ice is melting. Dokken, B.C. doi: 10.17226/25733, Fahey, D.W., S.J. A U.N. report published in 2019 ranked the top five direct drivers of the disappearance of species. The Bogus "Consensus" Argument on Climate Change - IER February 23, 2017 Stanford researcher examines moral significance of actions causing climate change. Calved icebergs from the nearby Twin Glaciers floating near Greenland in 2013. In the early 2000s it was global warming, now called climate change, which is causing the polar ice caps to melt with rising sea levels. Hibbard, A. Romanou & P.C. But experts say countries aren't doing enough to. Climate Change is . Rather, the earth is rotating through its continual cycle, and this theory of climate change will be put to rest soon: The Climate is indeed changing. Why Doesn't Everyone Believe Humans Are Causing Climate Change? Easterling, K.E. In fact, in 9501050 AD, the temperatures were higher than now. Beyond that, there's the simple chemistry of the thing: As the ocean absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere, more hydrogen ions are created and the water's pH drops. This handy Climate Change Debate Writing Frame is great for supporting children to structure a persuasive or balanced arguments. When it comes to tackling climate change to prevent the impacts it causes in the different systems of the planet, the human being applies two types of measures: mitigation and adaptation.. Mitigation measures are those actions that are taken to reduce and curb greenhouse gas emissions, while adaptation measures are based on reducing vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Climate change 2013: The physical science basis.Working Group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Which, again, is simply. Matthews, T.K. The Case for Climate Change Realism - American Enterprise Institute Climate change can be traced down to since the mid-1800s, when the industrial revolution first started taking place all around the world. Economics of Climate Change | US EPA Retrieved 3/25/2021. Unlike in the past, we are the ones doing the damage (through the out-of-control burning of fossil fuels), not the Earth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY,p. 869. In conclusion, you cant choose your family, but you can try to change their mindsets on climate change. Throughout history the climate has changed for natural reasons and any one of the following could be a cause for the change were experiencing. Our present climate change is occurring 20 to 50 times faster than the most rapid climate change events in Earths history. Hibbard, A. Romanou, & P.C. The fight against climate change is a fight against capitalism Carmen Vanderhoof is a doctoral candidate in Science Education at Penn State. We describe the RCPs and some of their assumptions below: RCP 2.6: emissions peak in 2020 and then decline through 2100. In addition, human activities emit more than 100 times as much carbon dioxide as volcanoes each year.20, Over the last several hundred thousand years, carbon dioxide levels varied in tandem with the glacial cycles. U.S. 2d. The effect of this disparity is that thermal radiation escaping to space comes mostly from the cold upper atmosphere, while the surface is maintained at a substantially warmer temperature. Maycock (eds.)]. The New York Times, Washington Post, National Geographic and more attempted to blame climate change . Humans increasingly do more activities that emit more and more CO2 and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere like driving cars/flying, farming, clearing forests, etc. Climate change: Evidence and causes: Update 2020. Weather fluctuates from day to day, while climate is defined by long-term trends and weather averages. 1705 Words. By Stephen Gardiner. 6 Claims Made by Climate Change Skepticsand How to Respond During warm interglacial periods, carbon dioxide levels were higher. Hibbard, A. Romanou & P.C. For example, they claim that agriculture will benefit from higher temperatures, increased rainfall, expansion into northern latitudes, and the fertilization effect of CO 2. Unseasonably hot temperatures, disease-carrying mosquitoes and climate gentrification threaten those with existing health conditions, while wealthier people move to higher ground. 97% of climate scientists, aka the experts in this subject, agree that climate change is caused by humans. For this initial step, it is important that students feel comfortable to share, without engaging in disagreements. The ocean has absorbed much of this increased heat, with the top 100 meters (about 328 feet) of ocean showing warming of more than 0.6 degrees Fahrenheit (0.33 degrees Celsius) since 1969. The Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences. Taylor. Burning fossil fuels changes the climate more than any other human activity. Our job as environmental activists (or even just someone who cares about our collective future) is to squelch anti-science rhetoric as we encounter it. Carbon dioxide: Human activities currently release over 30 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year.6 Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have increased by more than 40 percent since pre-industrial times, from approximately 280 parts per million (ppm) in the 18th century7 to 414 ppm in 2020.8, Methane: Human activities increased methane concentrations during most of the 20th century to more than 2.5 times the pre-industrial level, from approximately 722 parts per billion (ppb) in the 18th century9 to 1,867 ppb in 2019.10, Nitrous oxide: Nitrous oxide concentrations have risen approximately 20 percent since the start of the Industrial Revolution, with a relatively rapid increase toward the end of the 20th century. (2012). The research updates a similar 2013 paper revealing that 97% of studies published between 1991 and 2012 supported the idea that human activities are altering Earth's climate. (2013). This is called the Doherty, K.A. The argumentation format presented here contains claims supported by evidence and reasoning (ClaimsEvidenceReasoning CER). In: Climate science special report: Fourth national climate assessment, volume I [Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures International efforts, such as the Paris Agreement, aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 1752 N Street NW Climate change: Evidence and causes: Update 2020. The 10 Most Popular Climate Change Conspiracy Theories - Inverse One reason that these areas are warmer is that buildings, pavement, and roofs tend to reflect less sunlight than natural surfaces. temperatures of 0.74C (see misleading argument 1). What were experiencing with climate change today, however, is far different than any warming or cooling humanity has seen in rate and in scale. Disciplinary Core Ideas(DCI): HS-ESS3-3, HS-ESS3-4, HS-ESS3-5, HS-ESS3-6. The urban poor are most affected by climate change. Computer-assisted classification of contrarian claims about climate change https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/basics/today/greenhouse-gases.html, http://unhabitat.org/urban-themes/climate-change/, A Small Look at Our Environment: A Comparison Between Japan and the United States, Trade and Economics of China and The Middle Easts Porcelain and Lapis Lazuli (Cobalt Blue Pigment), Gaining Cultural Familiarity: Understanding Differences and Similarities, World on Trial: Muslim Headscarf Episode Research Guide, Cultural Exploration of Japan and Bookmaking Using PLN Literacy Strategies, Defining Culture: Moving Beyond Foods, Clothes, and Art. Easterling, D.W. Fahey, S. Doherty, J. Kossin, W. Sweet, R. Vose & M. Wehner. Global Warming & Climate Change Myths - Skeptical Science McNeill, K. L., & Krajcik, J. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yeleki, R. Yu & B. Zhou (eds.)]. On the other side of the argument, many people do not believe that climate change is real. Who funded the research? Dokken, B.C. Dark objects and surfaces, like the ocean, forests, and soil, tend to absorb more sunlight. How is Drinking Water Different in Other Areas of the World? Ask the students to think about what types of claims they can make about climate change using the data they found (Sample claims: human activity is causing global warming or sea-level rise in the next fifty years will affect coastal cities like Amsterdam, Hong Kong, or New Orleans). Taylor. Trends in nitrous oxide. Dokken, B.C. Yes please 6 arguments to refute your climate-denying relatives this holiday "The Ethics of Climate Change" was originally written in Professor Justin Holt's Spring 2017 Interdisciplinary Seminar, "The Philosophy and Welfare Politics of Distributional Justice.". +1 (202) 518- 0044 Scientists can drill down into the ice in Antarctica to look at ice core data from hundreds of thousands of years ago. Climate change: Evidence and causes: Update 2020. Busting climate myths - DW - 05/28/2013 Stewart & T.K. Doherty, K.A. Two main arguments that I will be addressing in this report is whether or not the Earth is warming and if in fact the earth is warming it does it affect plant or animal life. The demand for energy will increase as power generation becomes less reliable, and water supplies will be stressed. Stewart & T.K. Maycock (eds.)]. Stewart & T.K. Working Group I contribution to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. The number of natural disasters has increased. Taylor. Worry about global warming impacts in the next 100 years, not an ice age in over 10,000 years. Within the scientific community, there is essentially no disagreement on the causes of climate change. doi: 10.17226/25733. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, p. 5. doi: 10.17226/25733, 2Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Increased drought, and a longer fire season are boosting these . The Dust Bowl 'Then' - Climate Change 'Now' Argument - Forbes Climate change: Evidence and causes: Update 2020. Wildfires and Climate Change - Center for Climate and Energy Perhaps youre thinking of indecisive politicians, many of whom are backed by the fossil fuel industry. (2018). Mitigation and adaptation to climate change Lesson 3: Writing an argument using evidence 4IPCC. According to the American Institute for Cancer Research, we reduce our risk for cancer when we eat less red meat. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, pp. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Physical drivers of climate change. Working Group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. 7IPCC. Volcanoes have played a noticeable role in climate, and volcanic eruptions released large quantities of carbon dioxide in the distant past. The Ethics of Climate Change - Confluence - New York University There are many options for eliciting prior knowledge, including taking online quizzes, whole-class discussion, or drawing concept maps. Ultimately, a lead report author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change writes, it comes down to making judgments about what is fair, equitable, and just. Emissions of small particles, known as aerosols, into the air can also lead to reflection or absorption of the sun's energy. If students want to read the articles that inspired the case study direct them to:http://unhabitat.org/urban-themes/climate-change/, http://www.bloomberg.com/slideshow/2012-07-06/top-20-cities-with-billions-at-risk-from-climate-change.html#slide16, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-26/smelly-dumps-drive-away-affordable-homes-in-land-starved-mumbai, http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/05/asia/mumbai-giant-garbage-dump-fire/. Carbon pricing and border tariffs. Dokken, B.C. Lives of human and animal species have been negatively affected since then, with events such as natural disasters, the melting of ice in polar regions, and change in weather and living conditions. So, bundle up and brace yourself for the extreme weather climate change brings including the intense cold. Estimates show that dozens of species go extinct every day. Climate justice recognizes that climate change isnt just a physical problem its an ethical one, too. Following the peak heat, the climate dropped drastically, proving that climate exists in cycles. When using data freely available online, ask yourself: Who conducted the study? Thumbnail image cropped from a photograph by Ryan Johnson on Unsplash. Net positive feedback is confirmed by many different lines of evidence. This past April, while unveiling new climate-change legislation, the president reiterated the absolute imperative to act quickly and decisively to curb greenhouse-gas emissions: "We really have. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, p. 76. doi: 10.7930/NCA4.2018. Three arguments about climate change that should never be used The truth is politicians have known about climate change since ( at least) the 1980s and fossil fuel companies have known about it since the 1960s. In fact, just ask the one thousand scientists who signed a petition saying that not only is global warming not caused by humans, but the earth is not getting warmer. This explains why even though scientists may use the same data to draw explanations from, the final product may take different forms depending on which parts of the data were used and how. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, p. 9. doi: 10.17226/25733, 15Fahey, D.W., S.J. While deforestation can increase the earths reflectivity globally by replacing dark trees with lighter surfaces such as crops, the net effect of all land-use changes appears to be a small cooling.13. But glaciers have been growing and receding for thousands of years due to natural causes, and sea levels have been rising ever since the end of the last ice age. Food shortages will become chronic as we fail to move agriculture from one climate to another. Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have released large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which has changed the earths climate. About 70 percent of the sunlight that reaches the earth is absorbed.18 Natural changes in the earths surface, like the melting of sea ice, have contributed to climate change in the past, often acting as feedbacksto other processes. Argument write-up check that students arguments contain claims supported by evidence and reasoning and that they thought about possible weaknesses in their own arguments. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Learn more about human-generated and natural aerosols. Prior to launching into a search, it would be worthwhile figuring out what the students already know about climate change, where they learned it, and how they feel about efforts to reduce our carbon footprint. However, recent climate changes cannot be explained by natural causes alone. Dokken, B.C. What can they do to reduce air pollution in the city and prepare for possible storms? Taylor, A.M. Waple & C.P. Natural processes, such as changes in the sun's energy and volcanic eruptions, also affect the earth's climate. They often meet to chat while they dig through the garbage with sticks. The moral element of climate change | Stanford News Projected increases in number of days over 90F between now and 2090 according to two climate change scenarios. If we collectively adopt a more plant-based diet we could reduce the equivalent of . Science & Environment. Climate change skeptics argue that humans are not to blame for climate change, and they often cherrypick scientific facts to support their argument. Another way to explain this distinction to students is the story built from the data that leads to a claim is the evidence (Hand et al., 2009, p. 129). So, for now, the La Nia of 2021 is the coldest year of the 2020s. Case study letter check that students included evidence in their letter. The link between land use and the climate is complex. 10 reasons why climate change is important | WWF It is important to discuss with students the issue of the sources reliability and accuracy. Stewart & T.K. 12 NOAA. (2017). The United States stands to lose billions of dollars, second only to India in terms of the negative economic impact. COP26: The truth behind the new climate change denial - BBC News 3. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Forchemistryandphysics, students can explain the function of greenhouse gases, construct a model of the greenhouse effect, and model energy flow through the atmosphere. (2020). The most common arguments against climate change (debunked) - Chron This portion of the argument explains why the evidence is relevant to the claim or how the evidence supports the claim. Physical drivers of climate change. Climate change 2013: The physical science basis.Working Group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Maycock (eds.)]. Back in 2014, David Friedman worked through the original paper that kicked off the "97% consensus" talking point. We asked researchers to counter . Major scientific assessments also agree. 1. We dont have to be dinosaurs, and we definitely should stop burning them. In the most respectful, loving way, of course: You say:The Earth has been through a lot in the last 4.5 billion years. Warming temperatures affect nearly every aspect of society. By 2000, the number of record highswas double the record lows. Maycock (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, p. 80, Figure 2.4. doi: 10.7930/J0513WCR, 6Hayhoe, K., D.J. Or maybe youre just in the mood to argue. Finally, water vapor isthe most potent of the greenhouse gases and we havent been pouring water vapor into the atmosphere. What would you recommend they do? Climate - BBC News The Ice Sheets Are Shrinking The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass. These relationships can be divided into four main approaches. To learn more about actions that can reduce these emissions, see What You Can Do. Plastic and other non biodegrable wastage 5. 1234, doi: 10.7930/J0DJ5CTG, National Academy of Sciences. Explain that while many factors contribute to any weather event, scientists agree that climate change in general is and will continue to lead to more extreme weather eventsfrom droughts to flooding to hurricanes. A major goal of this unit is to engage students in co-constructing evidence-based explanations through individual writing, sharing, re-writing, group discussion, and whole group reflection. Constructing an Argument: Climate | National Geographic Society Higher temperatures also worsenair quality, which scientists have connected to everything frommore violent crimesto more cancers. Adding more greenhouse gases to the atmosphere enhances the effect, making Earth's surface and lower atmosphere even warmer. Taylor. be related to problems with how the data was gathered and analysed and Hibbard, D.J. Climate Change Arguments - 587 Words | Bartleby Mumbai is one of the coastal cities that are considered vulnerable with increasing global temperature and sea level rise. (2017). 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