Jude, however, drops the mention of the prophets, and makes the apostles more absolute. I was undergoing that very frightening event in my life called the classical exam. I had graduated from seminary; I had passed my three full days of oral exams before the synod; I had received and accepted a call, and now was the final and decisive exam, which would determine whether the churches considered me fit for the ministry of the Word. Nevertheless, since this too is speculative, one must be careful not to build one speculation on top of another. What about the prophecy of Enoch inJude 14-15(And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints, to execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against him)? This email address is being protected from spambots. saintsHoly angels (compare De 33:2; Da 7:10; Zec 14:5; Mt 25:31; Heb 12:22). Besides an introduction it embraces five parts: 1. Characteristics of the ungodly. Perhaps this is because Jude cites a portion of the Book of Enoch the Spirit confirms as genuine, tightening up the language from its non-inspired source. This view assumes authenticity and that Jude was the brother of the Lord. We have seen this pattern before, in 1 Peter. A narrative of the fall of the angels, and of a tour of Enoch in company with an angel through heaven and earth, and of the mysteries seen by him. As Bauckham points out, Palestinian Jewish-Christian circles in the early church used the title brother of the Lord not simply to identify the brothers, but as ascribing to them an authoritative status, and therefore the brothers themselves, not wishing to claim an authority based on mere blood-relationship to Jesus, avoided the term.. The Cross And Christs Substitution (Gal. He will destroy the wicked ones and censure all flesh on account of everything that they have done, that which the sinners and the wicked ones committed against him. The false teachers Jude is dealing with act in the very same way (8). This would be similar to a modern day preacher citing a line from an atheistic scientist or philosopher. (2) It is true that Jude also uses agricultural imagery throughout this epistle, but most of this is already found in 2 Peter, would be common to his own background, and does have excellent parallels in the OT and other Jewish materials. The Jews obviously had canonical books (which were inspired), and they had historical books (which were uninspired). In the least, this is a falsifiable hypothesis which should hopefully stimulate others to probe some of the introductory questions related to the most neglected book of the NT canon. In v. 13 Jude calls them wild waves of the sea, casting up the foam of their own shame, a vivid picture of the filth that they bring with them. With ten thousand of his saints - Or, "of his holy ones." [3] Douglas Moo, 2 Peter and Jude. First, Jude corrects the apocryphal text. var prefix = 'ma' + 'il' + 'to'; (1 Enoch 1:9) Behold, [God] shall arrive with ten million of the holy ones in order to execute judgment upon all. The church age began at the Day of Pentecost. There is one very strong argument that is used for a date later than the apostolic age. First, Judes grammar and style are much better than are 2 Peters. This would be particularly appropriate very soon after Peters death, for there would still be a perception that Pauls churches might defect (or in the least that they needed special encouragement). Normally a date of c. 70-80 CE is most common. Therefore, if someone makes a reference to Gandalf or Frodo, they can assume that their audience would get it. This is based on the fact that (a) his brother James wrote to Jewish Christians; (b) most of the apostles apparently worked among Jewish Christians, with Peter being the main apostle to the circumcision; (c) in our reconstruction, this epistle is written to one (or more) of Pauls churches, yet it is written precisely because Jude wants to show the common elements (v 3) in their faith; (d) the utterly Jewish nature of the epistle, in spite of its good Greek, also argues this. at length for a particular occasion for this epistle (especially under date and destination), a summary will be given here. Jude 14 The Prophecy of Enoch By Wayne Jackson Jude refers to one of the Old Testament patriarchs when he says: ". Neither of these books are canonical (inspired Scripture); they are pseudepigraphic (uninspired books outside the Bible). 11:49-53). 35E.g., Marks 150+ historical presents are reduced to eleven in Luke, since that is a stylistic feature not usually found in the better authors. All rights reserved. Concerning the second argument, Bauckham points out that they cannot be called Gnostics. However, it is possible to see this as him illustrating his point using a familiar story which is not necessarily considered to be an authoritatively inspired one. In this reconstruction of the purpose for this epistle, our. Most scholars regard Jude to have been addressed to Jewish Christians. A good question is what this implies about the possible inspiration of 1 Enoch. Compare Note, see on [2672]Jude 4, "of old." It is short, but deep since Jude draws on his reader's knowledge of their faith heritage. Thus, he turns their venerated scriptures against them, much as Jesus does to the Sadducees, who think they've wrestled Him to the ground on the issue of the resurrection with . 39 In keeping with Jude's - and the intertestamental - view of angels, . The first is Jude the apostle, son of James (Luke 6:16; Acts 1:13). However, there are two other considerations which would tend to date it a bit later. (Jude 14-15a) It was also about these men that Enoch, in the seventh generation from Adam, prophesied, saying, Behold, the Lord came with many thousands of His holy ones, 15 to execute judgment upon all. Let us remember that the same HolySpiritwho inspired the prophecy of judgment on the wicked in the pre-flood days, is the same Holy Spirit who inspired Jude to write his epistle. (3) Although v 3 hints at early catholicism, particularly if read as a statement about creedalism, this does not need to have come several decades after Peters death. Some have suggested that in Jude 1 is an interpolation; hence, Jude [the son] of James. Against this is the total lack of textual support2 and the fact that Jude was accepted in the early church so readily, suggesting that at least James was well-known.3 The other possibility is to read in Luke 6:16/Acts 1:13 as Jude [the brother] of James rather than Jude [the son] of James. Not only is this a rather unusual reading of the genitive of relationship (which almost always indicates paternity), but the fact that Jude does not call himself an apostle in this letter renders this view implausible. He spends considerable time in discussing the whole matter, but says that the infallibility of Scripture is not called into question. with ten thousands of his saints, to execute judgment upon all, and to convince. The strongest reason on behalf of this view is that Jude identifies himself as the brother of James. A well-known James is presupposed. As we have argued in our discussion of 2 Peter, your apostles probably refers to Paul and his associates. For now, note the following references: Verse 3the faith once for all delivered to the saints. Bauckham says this refers simply to the gospel itself, arguing that this is exactly the tactic which Paul used against false teaching (Gal 1:6-9; Rom 16:17).. Second, v 3 mentions our common salvation, an expression which (as we argued earlier and as Chase, Mayor, et al. He affirmed the statement of Epimenides, writing that his testimony is true (Titus 1:12-13). What clues are there that this is the case? Further, if our suggestion as to destination is correct, then Jude would not have written if he had known that John had recently arrived in Ephesus. Some amount of time must be allowed for both the invasion of the false teachers after Peter wrote his epistle and for Jude to have learned about it. 21:14), the Book of Jasher (Josh. Finally, Jude, the brother of the Lord, may be in view. There is no mention made in the writings of Moses of the fact that Enoch was a prophet; but nothing is more probable in itself, and there is no absurdity in supposing that a true prophecy, though unrecorded, might be handed down by tradition. 3:8). 24 Enoch walked with God; and he was not, for God took him ." (Genesis 5:21-24) 1 The words of the blessing of Enoch, wherewith he blessed the elect and righteous, who will be 2 living in the day of tribulation, when all the wicked and godless are to be removed. All that is necessarily implied in Jude 14-15 is that Enoch's prediction happened to be descriptive of the men about whom Jude wrote (Barnes . But is there. It was one of Jude's favorites. and the fact that Jude was accepted in the early church so readily, suggesting that at least James was well-known. comethliterally, "came." Rev., translates, All the ungodly, of all their works of ungodliness which they have ungodly wrought, and of all the hard things which ungodly sinners have spoken against him. The first aspect concerns whether or notJude 14-15is a quotation of an apocryphal writing called The Book of Enoch. Seventh, the Syrian church did not accept Jude as canonical until the sixth century, suggesting that his labors were not there. His goal seemed to have been to make sure that they were not discouraged in light of the recent deaths of Paul and Peter.49 That this objective was not entirely snuffed out due to the more pressing concern of the false teachers is apparent from his benediction (vv 24-25). Jude now returns to the positive note with which he began his letter, reminding the church to continue in faith, love, and mercy (20-21). In its behalf is the probability that Jude did not live much past 70 CE. Enoch 640 to 1005 When Enoch was born his great - great - great - great grandfather, Adam, was 640 years old; about 70% through his life. 14:5). But Enoch's prophecy is consistent with the others. Although some scholars downplay the evidence,17 a reasonable reading18 of Jude suggests that the apostles with whom he normally associated had died. The purpose of the earth was to be inhabited with human beings, animals and vegetation. Hosea's meaning was a historical reference to the . Not only this, but the external evidence is too strong and too early to allow such an identification. They lost their place in heaven, because they would not accept God's plan for them. In spite of its brevity, Jude has fairly decent attestation in patristic literature. 37Once reason that the prophets were no longer necessary to mention is that Jude was simply trying to draw the connection between Peter and Paul, while Peter was trying to make the connection between Paul and true religion. The specific destination of this epistle has been up for grabs among scholars. This suggests a further point: in light of the well-worn Jewish aversion to the sea, these nautical illustrations would seem to relate better to Gentiles, giving further evidence of a Gentile audience. 1. 16By apostolic age we mean the time up until Peter and Paul died (c. 64 CE), rather than up until the death of all the apostles, for we believe that John probably lived into the 90s CE. If it is true that Jude is referring here to a tradition that had come down to the church over the centuries, it would not be contrary to Scriptures integrity that Jude should quote it. If you read this apocryphal book, written between the Old and New Testaments, you would see one major theme is angelology, the study of angels. for Gentilic entrance into a covenant relationship with Israels God was now, for the first time, not based on proselytization (in which circumcision would be required), but simply faith. Some have suggested Syria, others Egypt, still others, Asia Minor. If a second century Jude were writing, how could he overlook such an important point? What he does not explain is why Jude mentions once for all delivered (a point absent in the parallels). 18 While theories on Gen 6 and the $$$ are intriguing, the present study concerns itself primarily with Jude's use of 1 Enoch, not 1 Enoch's use of Gen 6. In James 3:4, rough, used of the winds. First, why does Jude call himself the brother of James rather than the brother of Jesus? Enoch (/ i n k / ()) is a biblical figure and patriarch prior to Noah's flood and the son of Jared and father of Methuselah.He was of the Antediluvian period in the Hebrew Bible.. "Behold the Lord Comes!" Now, we have touched on how Jude set the tone for this book he wrote, by defining those who have outright rebelled against God, while fully "knowing better", as "Ungodly Men". At most we could say that Jude must have died sometime before 96 CE, and probably in the 70s. prophesied of these; of these false teachers, and such as they; what would be their sad state and condition at the second coming of Christ to judgment: that he had a spirit of prophecy is evident from the name he gave to his son Methuselah, which signifies, "when he dies is the emission", or the sending out of the waters of the flood, which came to pass the very year he did die. ((k) Targum Jon. It is the consensus of scholars that Jude is in fact quoting or at least mentioning 1 Enoch in his letter in Jude 14-15. First, he was taken by God and did not see death. But is there any evidence of Gentiles infiltrating Jewish congregations? But this is hardly convincing, for how could antinomian Gentiles infiltrate into a Jewish Christian congregation so quickly? J.D. I wanted to ask you a question about several verses in the book of Jude. 42What is interesting about the terms/expressions used in these verses is that they find their closest parallels in Ephesians and 1 Timothy. There is a growing number today, however, who regard it as pseudepigraphical (including Barnett, Reicke, Kelly), principally because there are internal features which suggest a date after the death of Jude. Some have suggested that, in Jude 1 is an interpolation; hence, Jude [the son] of James. Against this is the total lack of textual support. Further, Jude did not necessarily imply that Enoch saw into the future to predict attitudes or actions of the sinners under consideration in the epistle. Although these statements would normally indicate a time much later than the age of the apostles, if Jude knew of their deaths, and if he wanted to make sure his audience knew that Peter and Paul were united in their doctrine, such language would be especially appropriate. Jude and Jewish Myths. Bauckham argues that Asia Minor with its large Jewish communities, the influence of Paul, and antinomian movements attested by Rev 2:14, 20, is a strong possibility, and the contacts between Jude and the. What Jude does do is he amplifies Enoch, the man. A full account of it and its contents may be seen in an article by Prof. Stuart in the Bib. 25This is seen plainly in the shift in his purpose for writing (v 3). Their rejection of authority and slanderous speech is contrasted with Michael, one of the archangels, who would not even slander the devil (presumably because of his former authority) (8-9). document.getElementById('cloak3d25f1b5191e44f87f82ea669976aad4').innerHTML = ''; 2. There is no obvious requirement that every single word spoken or written under inspiration must necessarily end up in the canon of scripture. 5:19-25), 5. p. 240. Jude opens his letter by greeting his audience with three indicatives of the faith: they have been called, loved, and kept (1). Concerning the second argument, Bauckham points out that they cannot be called Gnostics. (2) Hegesippus11 relates how Judes grandsons were brought before Domitian because they were suspected of attempting to overthrow the Roman government. In conclusion, though much of our argumentation in this section is highly speculative, if all the pieces of the puzzle of Jude (e.g., date, authorship, occasion, etc.) But this difference is precisely why it is difficult to accept this statement as coming while the apostles were still alive. 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