Across from the Opera House, a popular art market fills another city park on the weekends. [121] On 3 March 2022, Vahagn Khachaturyan was elected as the fifth president of Armenia in the second round of parliamentary vote. Armenia has a population of just 3 million people (in 2021). Armenia maintains positive relations with the United States, which is home to the second largest Armenian diaspora community in the world. Located between the Black and the Caspian Seas, Armenia is bordered by Georgia on the north, Azerbaijan on the east, Iran on the south and on the west by Turkey. Yes, Armenia is a part of Europe as well as part of Asia, as here you will be able to find the mixture of both traditions. The Creative Europe programme will have 10 so-called "associated third countries" after the Armenian parliament ratifies the agreement. In alphabetical order, these provinces are: Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Gegharkunik, Kotayk, Lorri, Shirak, Syunik, Tavush, VayotsDzor and Yerevan. The very first was the Echmiadzin Cathedral, which became the first Christian cathedral in the world. Winter sports enthusiasts enjoy skiing down the hills of Tsakhkadzor, located thirty minutes outside Yerevan. Below is a list of what are considered 15 of the most dangerous cities in Europe. [244] Armenia's press freedom rose considerably following the 2018 Velvet Revolution. [133], Despite the availability of abundant renewable energy sources in Armenia (especially hydroelectric and wind power) and calls from EU officials to shut down the nuclear power plant at Metsamor,[134] the Armenian Government is exploring the possibilities of installing new small modular nuclear reactors. The world average for domestic expenditure on research was 1.7% of GDP in 2013. There was even consideration of making Armenia a mandate under the protection of the United States. Settlements are classified as either towns (kaghakner, singular kaghak) or villages (gyugher, singular gyugh). The South Caucasus region refers to the area lying on the border between Western Asia and Eastern Europe, which is close to the southern Caucasus Mountains. Declining due to the wars against the Byzantines, the kingdom fell in 1045 and Armenia was soon after invaded by the Seljuk Turks. There is evidence of an early civilisation in Armenia in the Bronze Age and earlier, dating to about 4000 BC. [159][160][161][162] Armenia is included in the EU's European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) and participates in both the Eastern Partnership and the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly, which aims at bringing the EU and its neighbours closer. VideoJeremy Bowen on reporting from Ukraine's frontline, Bridge that became a death trap for Indian children, Why the latest UN climate conference matters. Armenia is a country with an ambitious climate change agenda, which makes significant efforts . Armenia is a Eurasian country in the southern Caucasus, with Yerevan as its capital city. A waste processing plant is scheduled for construction near Hrazdan city, which will allow for closure of 10 waste dumps. [174] The national currency, the dram, suffered hyperinflation for the first years after its introduction in 1993. [233] The world's largest Yazidi temple, Quba Mr Dwan, was completed in 2019[234] in the village of Aknalich. Armenia. The government has also promised a cash reward of $700,000 to Armenians who win a gold medal at the Olympics. Rising Eurovision costs risk leaving emerging Europe's smaller countries out in the cold. It defines the following targets:[184], Although the Strategy clearly pursues a 'science push' approach, with public research institutes serving as the key policy target, it nevertheless mentions the goal of establishing an innovation system. The pogrom of Armenians in Baku in January 1990 forced almost all of the 200,000 Armenians in the Azerbaijani capital Baku to flee to Armenia. joi, 27 octombrie 2011. [177] In 2016 Armenia used 1.9 global hectares of biocapacity per persontheir ecological footprint of consumption. Armenia have never qualified for a major tournament although recent improvements saw the team to achieve 44th position in the FIFA World Rankings in September 2011. 2011 censusSources: Area and population of provinces. [42][43] [113][needs update], The 2018 Armenian Revolution was a series of anti-government protests in Armenia from April to May 2018 staged by various political and civil groups led by a member of the Armenian parliament Nikol Pashinyan (head of the Civil Contract party). [190] Higher education in Armenia is harmonized with the Bologna process and the European Higher Education Area. Historically, during the period of the Silk Road, Armenia was considered an Asian state. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 1960s and 1970s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia; also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry. During the Gorbachev era of the 1980s, with the reforms of Glasnost and Perestroika, Armenians began to demand better environmental care for their country, opposing the pollution that Soviet-built factories brought. [16] Yerevan is the capital, largest city and the financial center. Armenia (officially, the Republic of Armenia) is divided into 11 provinces (marzer, sing. It has not lifted its blockade despite pressure from the powerful Turkish business lobby interested in Armenian markets. Some experts would say it is part of Asia Minor but one thing we know is that it definitely is a country that spans the east/west divide. As a result of its historical ties to France, Armenia was selected to host the biennial Francophonie summit in 2018.[142]. Located in Western Asia,[124][14] on the Armenian Highlands, it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, the Lachin corridor which is a part of Lachin District that is under the control of a Russian peacekeeping force and Azerbaijan proper to the east, and Iran and Azerbaijan's exclave of Nakhchivan to the south. It covers 29,743 squared kilometres and has a population of 2,951,745 inhabitants. Football is also popular in Armenia. Driven forward by military escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery, rape, and massacre. [citation needed]. [122] The next month yet more protests broke out. Going by this, then Armenia is geographically on the continent of Asia. 1d. Armenia is a unitary, multi-party, democratic nation-state with an ancient cultural heritage. Certain Armenians settled to sing non-Armenian tunes such as the heavy metal band System of a Down (which nonetheless often incorporates traditional Armenian instrumentals and styling into their songs) or pop star Cher. The aspect of culture adds further confusion to the already murky subject. The initial post-Soviet years were marred by economic difficulties, which had their roots early in the Karabakh conflict when the Azerbaijani Popular Front managed to pressure the Azerbaijan SSR to instigate a railway and air blockade against Armenia. In the early 12th century, Armenian princes of the Zakarid family drove out the Seljuk Turks and established a semi-independent principality in northern and eastern Armenia known as Zakarid Armenia, which lasted under the patronage of the Georgian Kingdom. Obsidian, which is found locally, is crafted into assortment of jewellery and ornamental objects. Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving the investment climate, and making strides against corruption. It might be better to argue that Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia are instead the gateway to southwestern Asia. These loans are targeted at reducing the budget deficit and stabilising the currency; developing private businesses; energy; agriculture; food processing; transportation; the health and education sectors; and ongoing rehabilitation in the earthquake zone. It fixes the following targets:[184], Based on this strategy, the accompanying Action Plan was approved by the government in June 2011. [190] In the 199091 school year, the estimated 1,307 primary and secondary schools were attended by 608,800 students. [78][79] Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geopolitical rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rivalling empires during the OttomanPersian Wars. Moreover, many private galleries are in operation, with many more opening every year, featuring rotating exhibitions and sales. Armenia is also a member of certain regional groups throughout Eurasia, including the Asian Development Bank, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Eurasian Union, and the Eurasian Development Bank. Answer (1 of 38): It's an interesting question. As of 2016[update], Armenia maintained cordial relations with both countries. Voters in a 2015 referendum backed constitutional changes reducing the powers of the president in favour of the premiership, which critics saw as a ruse to allow outgoing president Serzh Sargsyan to continue to rule as prime minister. [34], Some scholars have linked the name Armenia with the Early Bronze Age state of Armani (Armanum, Armi) or the Late Bronze Age state of Arme (Shupria). [108] The Armenian backed forces remained in control of practically all of that territory until 2020. Armenia: Introduction. It allows the National Academy of Sciences to extend its business activities to the commercialization of research results and the creation of spin-offs; it also makes provision for restructuring the National Academy of Sciences by combining institutes involved in closely related research areas into a single body. Armenia considers the killings an act of genocide. It is very difficult to place Armenia in Europe or Asia, not only because of its geographic location, but also its politics, cultures, and traditions in particular. In 1936, the Transcaucasian state was dissolved, transforming its constituent states, including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, into full Union republics. [61] Curtis, Glenn E. and Ronald G. Suny. To avoid the confusion, others say the nation is in Eurasia. Since 1995 Legislative power is vested in the Azgayin Zhoghov or National Assembly, which is a unicameral parliament consisting of 105 members. Nevertheless, the government was able to make wide-ranging economic reforms that paid off in dramatically lower inflation and steady growth. Since Armenia aligns itself in many respects geopolitically with Europe, the country is a member of numerous European organizations including the Council of Europe, the Eastern Partnership, Eurocontrol, the Assembly of European Regions, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. [190] Armenian became the dominant language of instruction, and many schools that had taught in Russian closed by the end of 1991. The republic had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Since the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Armenia has participated as an independent nation. On 20 June 2021, Pashinyan's Civil Contract party won an early parliamentary election. A landlocked country with Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, and Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia boasts a history longer than most European countries. Each community is self-governing and consists of one or more settlements (bnakavayrer, singular bnakavayr). Officially, Europe ends at the [] [56][57][58][59] A large cuneiform lapidary inscription found in Yerevan established that the modern capital of Armenia was founded in the summer of 782BC by King Argishti I. Yerevan is one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.[60]. In time, several areas of the Bagratid Armenia separated as independent kingdoms and principalities such as the Kingdom of Vaspurakan ruled by the House of Artsruni in the south, Kingdom of Syunik in the east, or Kingdom of Artsakh on the territory of modern Nagorno-Karabakh, while still recognising the supremacy of the Bagratid kings. This in-depth review of Armenia was conducted under the auspices of the EU4Energy programme, which is being implemented by the IEA and the European Union, along with the . GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION Geographically, Armenia is in the South Caucasus region between Europe and Asia. [102] Compounding Armenia's problems was a devastating earthquake in 1988 with a moment magnitude of 7.2.[103]. Armenia is hosting the European song contest this year. [153][154][155] Despite this, Armenia and the EU finalized the Armenia-EU Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) on 24 November 2017. [citation needed] Despite this, Armenia has also been looking toward Euro-Atlantic structures in recent years. Like other newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, Armenia's economy suffers from the breakdown of former Soviet trading patterns. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. [17][18][19][20] The ancient Armenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th century. [33] Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. The government joined the World Trade Organization on 5 February 2003. Shutdown of the nuclear power plant in 1989 lead to the Armenian energy crisis of 1990s. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and other international financial institutions (IFIs) and foreign countries are extending considerable grants and loans. Bulgaria last week became the latest . It is also a member of international organisations such as the Council of Europe, the Asian Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, the World Customs Organization, the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation and La Francophonie. In the aftermath of the 1915 Armenian genocide, hundreds of thousands of survivors fled to communities in the Caucasus (including present day Armenia), Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Europe, and Russia and established new communities in Africa and the Americas. Competitively, Armenia has been successful in chess, weightlifting and wrestling at the international level. Tensions were running high between Armenians and Azerbaijanis during the final years of the Soviet Union. Geographically, The Republic of Armenia is a land-locked country that falls just south of the Caucasus mountains and is surrounded by Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran. Since the USSR collapsed, political ties between Armenia and Europe (especially with Russia) have intensified. Roma.[241]. [106] In 1993, Turkey joined the blockade against Armenia in support of Azerbaijan.[107]. Is Armenia part of Europe? In the 21st century, Armenia faces many hardships. 2020 - Azerbaijan recaptures large amounts of territory around Nagorno-Karabakh. Despite this, the process stopped, as Turkey continuously added more preconditions to its ratification and also "delayed it beyond any reasonable time-period". Armenia (Country Profile) On 16 May 2013, the Republic of Armenia assumed its first chairmanship of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe since its accession to the Council of Europe since 25 January 2001. . In 2005, a cycling centre was opened in Yerevan with the aim of helping produce world class Armenian cyclists. [50][51][52][53][54][55] The Nairi confederation and its successor, Urartu, successively established their sovereignty over the Armenian Highlands. In 1967, a memorial to the victims of the Armenian genocide was built at the Tsitsernakaberd hill above the Hrazdan gorge in Yerevan. Clearly, from the above arguments, it is difficult to say where Armenia belongs. "the mutual recognition of the existing border between the two countries as defined by relevant treaties of international law". The rebuilding of the regional schools was financed by the Armenian government. (pp.67) Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, Movses Khorenatsi, History of Armenia. 1915-1917 - Between 600,000 and 1.5 million Armenians are massacred or deported by the Ottoman government from their homeland in Anatolia to present-day Syria. Lake Sevan, nestled up in the Armenian highlands, is the second largest lake in the world relative to its altitude, at 1,900 metres (6,234ft) above sea level. [67] Following the Battle of Avarayr in 451, Christian Armenians maintained their religion and Armenia gained autonomy. The country spans 29,743 square kilometers (11,490 square miles, about the size of Belgium or Maryland) of mountainous terrain centered on the Ararat Valley, the heart of the Armenian . A landlocked country with Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, and Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia boasts a history longer than most European countries. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan (sometimes spelled as Grant Shaginyan), who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. In 2016, Armenia had 0.8 global hectares [176] of biocapacity per person within its territory, much less than the world average of 1.6 global hectares per person. Where can Armenian citizens travel in 2022. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Svres, and to give up all the "Wilsonian Armenia" granted to it at the Svres treaty. After Soviet agreements to include the Syunik Province in Armenia's borders, the rebellion ended and the Red Army took control of the region on 13 July. [168], Armenia ranked 29th for economic freedom and 76th for personal freedom among 159 countries in the 2017 Human Freedom Index published by the Cato Institute . In 1918, following the Russian Revolution, all non-Russian countries declared their independence after the Russian Empire ceased to exist, leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia. Stalin's reign was characterized by mass repressions, that cost millions of lives all over the USSR. Conversely, Armenia received a large influx of Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan, thus giving Armenia a more homogeneous character. [242], The government of Armenia budgets about $2.8million annually for sports and gives it to the National Committee of Physical Education and Sports, the body that determines which programs should benefit from the funds. European Parliament lawmakers arriving in Armenia on fact-finding mission. Armen Sargsyan was elected president in March 2018, when the country moved from a presidential system of government to a parliamentary one. Within each province there are communities (hamaynkner, singular hamaynk). This federation, however, lasted from only February to May 1918, when all three parties decided to dissolve it. [171] Additionally, Yerevan is divided into twelve semi-autonomous districts. Instruments like the duduk, dhol, zurna, and kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Reporters Without Borders also cites continued concerns about lack of transparency regarding ownership of media outlets.[244]. As it stands, Armenia is a member state in several international organizations such as the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, the European Broadcasting Union, and others. Although, I don't think it has a lot of meaning to put countries into boxes. Being a landlocked country, water sports can only be practised on lakes, notably Lake Sevan. Located at the center west part of the country, along the Hrazdan River is, Yerevan the capital and largest city of Armenia. The kingdom became fully sovereign from the sphere of influence of the Seleucid Empire in 190 BC under King Artaxias I and begun the rule of the Artaxiad dynasty. Officially known as the Republic of Armenia, Armenia is a state that is located in Eurasias South Caucasus region. After the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, the general secretary of the Communist Party, gradually established himself as the dictator of the USSR. Consequently, several kingdoms, from Europe and Asia, fought and conquered Armenia, which led to the disappearance of some traditions and the introduction of new ones. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Armen Nazaryan won the gold in the Men's Greco-Roman Flyweight (52kg) category and Armen Mkrtchyan won the silver in Men's Freestyle Paperweight (48kg) category, securing Armenia's first two medals in its Olympic history. Armenia is the 142 largest country in the world. The National Art Gallery in Yerevan has more than 16,000 works that date back to the Middle Ages, which indicate Armenia's rich tales and stories of the times.
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